System of electric regulation.



M. MOSKOVVITZ.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC REGULATION. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, 1909. RENEWED MAY 27. HUB.

,connected in parallel therewith.

:carnia ernten OF lu T t CORPORATION, ll'lf YORK.

' TSZG'WITZ, F NEVI YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO OF NAGARA FALLS, NEVJ YORK, A. CORPORA- SYS'DSIVI OE ELECTRIC REGLATON.

Japplit-ation filed March 25, 1999, Serial No. 485,707. Renewed May 27, 1918.

To /zZZ ywlw/m. t may concern.'

Be it known that l', hilonxrs lvllosirowrrz, a citizen of the United Statese and a resident or the borough of Manhattan, county of ll ew `York, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Systems ct Electric `Regulation, of which the following is a specification, accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to a system of electrical regulation to be used more especially in Connection with constant current generator for car lighting `from the axle. The invention may be used in any7 connection in which it is found applicable, however.

'The object of the invention is to enable efficient regulation or a lamp circuit or other work circuit when supplied from a system in which there is a main source of supply, for example a generator, and an auxiliary source of supply, as for instance a. storage battery Certain subject-rnatter disclosed but not claimed herein is claimed in an application of the same applicant, Serial lilo. 497,725, tiled lv 22, i909; forfeited and renewed as application No. 715,308.

Referring to the drawings:

represents the armature ot a. variable i speed generator-whose ield winding (not shown) may be regulated in any suitable manner to maintain substantially constant the. current deliverec. to the external circuit across which the lamps l andl storage battery C are connected in parallel branches.-

A variable resistance is connected in series between the storage battery and the lamps for regulating,1 purposes. This resistance may assume any one of a number of forms. rlhe preferred form is that shown in the drawingin which the resistance is illustrated as a variable pressure rheostat comprising two sets of carbon blocks R preferably arranged horizontally with means located between the two sets for varying the pressure there/on to vary the resistance. The pressure exerted on the carbon blocks and hence the resistance thereof, is controlled by on electromagnetic device E comprisimr a series winding G connected in the battery branch ot the external circuit, and a second series winding ll connected in series with the lamps to respond to variations in -r-tnrent in the lamp circuit and connected Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 236,926.

.preferably between the resistance R and the point of juncture of the battery branchwith one of the main leads of the external circuit.

The mechanical connections between the controlling windings F and G and the two sets of carbon blocks R comprise an arrangement of levers which form a. toggle joint made up of the yoke O and the links P pivoted to said yoke. The rod J passes loosely through the yoke O and is preferablyin` sulated therefrom by the insulating sleeve Q. Stops S and T on the rod J are adapted t engage the yoke and adapted lto lift or depress the same in accordancev with the movement of the rod, a slight looseness or vertical play being; permitted between the stops and the yoke, as shown. T he upper end of the rod is provided with a compres` sion springl D secured between a relatively fixed support V and an adjusting` nut U on the rod J, which spring normally tends to lift the rod and thereby release the pressure on the carbon blocks whereby the resistance thereof is normally a maximum. The resistance of the sets of carbon blocks, however, may be decreased by the drawing down of the rod J through the energization of either ot' the controllinn windings F or G, or by the energization or both of said windings acting; cumulatively. The 'electromagnetic device E is provided with a suitable frame ll. rlhc rod d, which extends through this frame. is provided with the movable core K. It also passes through the fixed coro l', ot the auxiliary magnet.

An automatic switch W is provided for connecting the generator with the storage battery and lamps when thc generator develops a voltage in excess ot the battery voltagro, and is thereby enabled to charge the battery and carry the lamp load. The automatic switch opens and disconnects the generator from the external circuit when the generator is at rest or is rotating at such a low speed that the voltage thereot` is lower than the battery voltage. The automatic switch is also provided with auxiliary contacts for short circuiting the resistance R and thc controlling winding` F associated therewith, whenever the automatic switch is open, at which time the lamp load is being carricd by the battery alone.. The switch comprises the lever a having an insulating block Z) to which is connected the contact c adapted to bridge the contacts d and c to close the external circuit of the generator. An additional contact f is provided and is adapted to make contact with the lever a, which is connected through the conductor g to a point t between the lamps E and the resistance R.

The operation of the system will' now be described:

` `When the generator is at rest or when its armature is rotating at a low speed, the lamp load, if any, is carried by a storage battery, the automatic switch being open. Under these conditions the controlling Winding F is quiescent, being short circuited by the auxiliary contacts of the automatic switch. The resistance R is also short circuited. The lamps are supplied with battery current which flows through the controlling WindingI G, the latter producing no regulating eli'ect as the resistance R is short circuited.

Upon increased speed of `rotation of the generator armature, due to an increase in the train speed, for example, Where the generator is driven from a car axle as in car lighting systems, the generator voltage in creases with the speed until it is equal to or slightly in excess of the battery Voltage. The attainment of this predetermined yoltage causes the closing.,r of the automatic switch tlirou h certain means not shown on the drawing ut Well understood in the art. The generator nonr charges the storage battery and carries the lamp load. As the gencrater is being automatically regulated to furnish substantially constant current to the external circuit, the voltage of the system will Vary in accordance with various factors, one of which is the counter-electromotive force of the battery, which rises somewhat during the normal charging period and which rises considerably when the battery approaches a fully charged condition. m current supplied by the generator news through the regulating Winding G to the storage battery, and generator current also flows through the Winding F to the lamp circuit. The coils F and G act differentially under these circumstances, the coil F tending to decrease the resistance R and the coil Gr acting to oiset the action of the coil F," and accordingly tending to in-l crease said resistance. lf the lamp load is a maximum mosto the current is consumed by the lamps and very little current flows to the storage battery through the coil G. As a result of the reduction 1n the amount of current supplied to the storage battery there will be a certain reduction in generator voltage. The energization of the Winding Gr this time being very slight, and the winding F predominating, the resistance R will be decreased, thereby permitting the desired maximum current to be supine Leanser;

plied to the lamps. As the lamps are turned oil the proportion of the total current supplied to the storage battery, as compared to the proportion supplied to the lamps, will in crease. This increase will be accompanied by a 'tendency toward an increase of yoltage at the generator terminals. The decrease in current demanded by the lamp circuit results in a weakening of the coil l? and ay `consequent reduction in the pressure on the carbon rheostats E. rlfhe increase in battery current strengthens the coil G which opposes the coil F and thereby still further reduces the ed'ectiyeness of the same. The resistance R is, acccu'dingly, increased Vto maintain an approximately constant voltage on the lamp circuit. The regulator, there` fore, has a compounding eiiect on the lamp circuit and tends to maintain an approximately constant voltage on the lamps.

Vlien the generator Voltage is reduced below the battery 1voltage, due to a slowing down of the car for example there is a certain period prior to the opening of the antomatic switch when the battery carries the lamp load and also begins to diciarge through the generator. The current new flows in the coil G in the reverse direction, causing the same to act cumulatively with the coil l?, thereby decreasing the resistance R in accordance with the requirements oit the work circuit. After the automatic switch opens', the resistance l?. and the coil l? are short circuited. S'Jnder these circumstances he regulator in incr and the battery suppliesthe Worlr circuit.

The toggle mechanism for controlling the compressible rheostat possesses many advantages over the ordinary operating mechanism. These advantages are pointed out and claimed in a copending; 'application Serial No. 497,725, led by me May 22, 1909.

Various changes may be made in the system described Without Aing from the spirit of the invention.

What l claim as new and desire secure by Letters Patent or" the 'United States is l. In a system of electric regulation, the combinationof a main source of supply' and Work circuit, an auxiliary source of supply.

connected in parallel with the main source of supply, a resistance in series with the Work circuit, and an electro-responsive de- Vice for controlling said resistance, haw/'ing coilsk connected in the system, one in series relation to the work-,circuit and another in series relation to the auxiliary source and acting cumulatively When said auxiliary source is supplying current to the Work circuit.

2. In a system of electric regulation, the.

combination of a main source of supply and Work circuit, an auxiliary source/of' supply, a resistance in series with the Work circuit, and an electro-responsive device tor controlpleted around portions of said automatic switch for completingv ,a shunt circuit around portions of said sys tem including said operating coil. i

14. In a. car lighting system, a main source of supply, a secondary source of supply, a lamp circuit, an automatic switch between said main source and said secondary source of supply, a regulator for said lamp circuit, said regulator having an electro-magnetic operating coil, and means under control of said automatic switch for short-circuiting said regulator and its operating coil when said automatic switch opens.

l5. In a car lighting system, a main source of supply, a secondary source of supply, a lamp circuit, an automatic switch between said main source and said secondary source of supply, a Variable regulator for said lamp circuit operating means therefor, and means controlled by said automatic switch to render said lamp circuit regulator operating means ineffective when said automati switch is open, said switch controlled means including a short-circuit adapted to be conithe system including said regulator operating means.

In a system of electrical regulation, a constant current source of supply, a storage battery to be charged thereby, a lamp cir cultl and a regulator for said lamp circuit, said regulator including a Varia-ble resisttending to oppose ance in series in the lamp circuit, au ating` coil in the lamp circuit tei A decrease said resistance in response to increases in current demands 'by said circuit, and an auxiliary coil :tor sai uiator, said coil responding to enrrent i i 'the storage battery branch or" the system ain tending to oppose said first coil in propere tion to current flowing to the hattery.

l?. In a system of electrical regulation, a constant current source of supply, a storage battery to be charged thereby, a lamp ein cuit and a regulator for said .lamp circuit', said regulator including a varia'hie resistance in series in the iainp circuit, an open ating coil in the lamp circuit tending to decrease said resistance in response to increases in current demands by said iarnp circuit, and an auxiliary coil for said regulater, said coil responding to current in the storage battery branch of the system and or aid said iirst coil., depending cn Whether current. is iowing into or out of said storage battery. V

In testimony whereof I have signed this specication in the presence of two subl scrihing Witnesses, March 2i, 1909.

MORRIS MSKOWi i Z.

`I/Vitnesses: l

E. VAN ZANDT, E. P. LA Gar. 

